最近在翻译修蹄、钉蹄的视频。好多词疯狂卡壳,翻译不出来。头又秃了不少。
然后我才发现,蹄铁师他们是有自己的行话的!所以,在po视频之前,咱还是先了解一下他们的行话吧。要不然你看我翻译的视频就更是云里雾里了。这样理解视频就更easy了???
1.解剖术语
Coronary Band (or Coronet): the hairline at the very top of the hoof, all the way around
蹄缘:马蹄上方边缘与皮肤连接的地方,一圈被毛叫发际线(hairline,我想不到更合适的词了)
Hoof Wall (or Horn): the hard, outer most layer of the hoof
蹄壁(角质):马蹄坚硬的外层
Frog: the softer triangular area that starts at the back of the bottom of the hoof and moves to a point in the center
蹄叉:质地较软的三角形,起于马蹄底部后方,向前延伸至中心一点
Sole: the bottom of the foot, from the frog forwards
蹄底:马蹄底部,蹄叉往前的部分
Heel: the back part of the horse’s hoof
蹄踵:马蹄的后侧部分
Toe: the front of the horse’s foot
蹄尖:马蹄的前方
Quarter: the sides of the hoof wall
蹄侧壁:蹄壁的侧面
White Line: the band that wraps around the hoof (visible from the bottom) and joins the hoof wall and the sole
白线:蹄底部可见,围绕蹄子一圈,蹄壁和蹄底的接合部位
Bars: extensions of the hoof wall that turn-in at the heel and run partway along the frog
蹄支:是蹄壁的一部分,蹄壁在蹄踵部位向内沿着蹄叉延伸
Bulbs: these are the softer cushions at the very back of the bottom of the horse's foot; they form the external part of the digital cushion
蹄球:马蹄后方,蹄踵上方的柔软肉垫,是蹄垫的体外部分
Digital Cushion: the fatty area at the rear of the horse's foot that forms the interior of the frog and the bulbs of the heel
蹄垫:马蹄后方的脂肪组织,是蹄叉和蹄球的体内部分
Hoof Capsule: comprises the hoof wall, sole, frog and bulbs of the heels
蹄匣:由蹄壁、蹄底、蹄叉和蹄球构成
Laminae: the bone and hoof wall both have structures call laminae attached to them and these laminae interlock with each other to form a very tight bond
小叶:蹄骨和蹄壁的共有结构,附着于蹄骨和蹄壁的小叶相互交合形成紧密的连接
看着有点疼啊
Breakover Point: the part of the sole still on the ground when the hoof begins to pivot as the horse moves forward and the heels lift
离地点:马蹄开始离地,蹄踵要抬起,蹄底部分还未离地
2. 马的动作
Brushing (or Interfering): when a horse strikes its opposite leg withthe hoof that’s in the air
Brushing (or Interfering):用蹄子踢对侧的腿
Dishing (or Winging): when the hoof swings inward as it travels, instead of going in a straight line
Dishing (or Winging)::走路的时候腿往里撇
Forging (or overreaching): when a horse strikes its front legs with the toe of a back foot
Forging (or overreaching): 后腿的蹄尖踢前腿
这不正常的走路姿势看起来还挺妖娆
Paddling: when the hoof swings out as it travels
Paddling:走路时腿往外撇
Plaiting (or Rope Walking): when the horse moves one foot directly in front of the other
Plaiting (or Rope Walking): 一支蹄子踩在另一支蹄子的正前方,这是猫步吧
3. 蹄铁的作用
Balance the Foot: trim the foot such that both lateral and medial sides are symmetrical in shape and size and the foot sits level on a hard, level surface
平衡蹄子:马蹄内侧和外侧的形状和大小修的对称,蹄马蹄在坚硬的平地上是水平的
Change the Breakover: alter the way a horse’s foot leaves the ground, usually to lessen the leverage so the foot comes off the ground more easily
调整breakover(离地):改变马蹄离地的方式,通常是减少杠杆作用,使蹄子离地更轻松
ColdShoe: when a farrier shapes a shoe without heating it before affixing it to the horse’s hoof
蹄铁热装:在钉蹄之前,钉蹄师没有利用加热给蹄铁塑型
HotShoe (or Hot Setting): when a farrier heats up a shoe, shapes it to a horse’s foot and quickly places it on the foot before cooling it and affixing it
蹄铁冷装:蹄铁加热塑型,在冷却和钉蹄之前,放在马蹄上
Level the Foot: trim the foot such that the heels, the toe,and the quarters of the hoof are even, relative to each other, and the foot sits evenly on a hard, level surface
平整蹄子:修剪蹄踵、蹄尖以及蹄侧壁使其平整、连续,蹄子在坚硬的平地上是水平的
Raise (or Lower) a Heel: change the angle of the hoof either by leaving (or removing) more heel or using a pad or specialized shoe to get the desired hoof angle. Usually done to relieve stress on specific hoof or lower leg structures
增高(或降低)蹄踵:通过削去更多的蹄踵、或者使用特殊的蹄铁来改变蹄子的角度。通常是为了缓解下肢结构或蹄子的压力
Resect the Hoof Wall: remove a section of outer hoof wall toexpose an area with a bacterial or fungal infection
切除蹄壁:切除外层蹄壁的一部分,露出细菌或真菌感染的区域
Rocker a Shoe: when the front of the shoe is mildly angled and lifted slightly off the ground to manipulate where the horse breaks over
Rocker a Shoe:蹄铁的蹄尖部分有一些弧度,稍微离地,用来调整 breakover(离地)的过程
Roll a Shoe: when a farrier rasps (or grinds) off the very bottom of the toe of a shoe, creating a less steep shoe angle to help the horse’s foot breakover more easily
Roll a Shoe:锉掉蹄铁蹄尖部分的底部,形成一个不太尖锐的蹄尖,使马蹄breakover(离地)更容易
Set a Shoe: placing the shoe slightly back and behind the horse’s toe and then shortening the toe to ease breakover
Set a Shoe:和rolling a shoe 合用,把蹄铁放在较蹄尖稍后的位置,缩短蹄尖,使breakover(离地)更容易
P.S. 英文和图片均来源于网络,中文是我自己翻译的。蹄铁师的行话我就不硬翻译了,咱知道是咋回事,看视频的时候不懵就行了。过两天还会再细说其中的几个词,比如breakover,真的是打开新世界的大门!