2021年1月9日，商务部出台《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》。
在如今世界范围的疫情冲击下，全球贸易大幅萎缩，经济全球化正在遭受前所未有的挑战。“办法”的出台彰显了我国对于维护国际经贸秩序的责任担当，为在域外不当法律侵害下的我国企业提供了合法救济渠道，对于维护国家主权与安全具有关键意义。
“办法”在制订目的、适用范围、基本准则、制度建设、工作机制、实施流程、反制措施等方面进行了规定，具有诸多创新和重要意义。
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出台背景
外国法律与措施的不当域外适用时有发生，不断冲击以规则为基础、以世界贸易组织为基石的多边贸易体制，给世界经济复苏带来了不利影响。
《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》的出台为维护该多边贸易体制，反对单边主义、保护主义，构建开放型世界经济和全球产业链供应链稳定畅通等方面起到积极作用。
制定目的
1、阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用对中国的影响
2、维护国家主权、安全、发展利益
3、保护中国公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益
2021年1月9日
适用范围
1、外国法律与措施的域外适用违反国际法和国际关系基本准则。
2、不当禁止或者限制中国公民、法人以及其他组织与第三国（地区）及其公民、法人或者其他组织进行正常的经贸及相关活动的情形。
3、中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定规定的外国法律与措施域外适用情形，不适用本办法。
基本准则
坚持独立自主的对外政策，坚持互相尊重主权、互不干涉内政和平等互利等国际关系基本准则，遵守所缔结的国际条约、协定，履行承担的国际义务。
工作机制
国家建立由中央国家机关有关部门参加的工作机制，负责外国法律与措施不当域外适用的应对工作。
工作机制由国务院商务主管部门牵头，具体事宜由国务院商务主管部门、发展改革部门会同其他有关部门负责。
申请时限
遇到相关情形的，应当在30日内向国务院商务主管部门如实报告有关情况。
保密要求
报告人要求保密的，国务院商务主管部门及其工作人员应当为其保密。
评估因素
有关外国法律与措施是否存在不当域外适用情形，由工作机制综合考虑下列因素评估确认：
（1）是否违反国际法和国际关系基本准则；
（2）对中国国家主权、安全、发展利益可能产生的影响；
（3）对中国公民、法人或者其他组织合法权益可能产生的影响；
（4）其他应当考虑的因素。
发布禁令
工作机制经评估，确认有关外国法律与措施存在不当域外适用情形的，可以决定由国务院商务主管部门发布不得承认、不得执行、不得遵守有关外国法律与措施的禁令。
工作机制可以根据实际情况，决定中止或者撤销禁令。
禁令豁免
中国公民、法人或者其他组织可以向国务院商务主管部门申请豁免遵守禁令。
反制措施
对外国法律与措施不当域外适用，中国政府可以根据实际情况和需要，采取必要的反制措施。
《阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用办法》已经国务院批准，现予公布，自公布之日起施行。第一条 为了阻断外国法律与措施不当域外适用对中国的影响，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，保护中国公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益，根据《中华人民共和国国家安全法》等有关法律，制定本办法。第二条 本办法适用于外国法律与措施的域外适用违反国际法和国际关系基本准则，不当禁止或者限制中国公民、法人或者其他组织与第三国（地区）及其公民、法人或者其他组织进行正常的经贸及相关活动的情形。第三条 中国政府坚持独立自主的对外政策，坚持互相尊重主权、互不干涉内政和平等互利等国际关系基本准则，遵守所缔结的国际条约、协定，履行承担的国际义务。第四条 国家建立由中央国家机关有关部门参加的工作机制（以下简称工作机制），负责外国法律与措施不当域外适用的应对工作。工作机制由国务院商务主管部门牵头，具体事宜由国务院商务主管部门、发展改革部门会同其他有关部门负责。第五条 中国公民、法人或者其他组织遇到外国法律与措施禁止或者限制其与第三国（地区）及其公民、法人或者其他组织正常的经贸及相关活动情形的，应当在30日内向国务院商务主管部门如实报告有关情况。报告人要求保密的，国务院商务主管部门及其工作人员应当为其保密。第六条 有关外国法律与措施是否存在不当域外适用情形，由工作机制综合考虑下列因素评估确认：（二）对中国国家主权、安全、发展利益可能产生的影响；（三）对中国公民、法人或者其他组织合法权益可能产生的影响；第七条 工作机制经评估，确认有关外国法律与措施存在不当域外适用情形的，可以决定由国务院商务主管部门发布不得承认、不得执行、不得遵守有关外国法律与措施的禁令（以下简称禁令）。第八条 中国公民、法人或者其他组织可以向国务院商务主管部门申请豁免遵守禁令。申请豁免遵守禁令的，申请人应当向国务院商务主管部门提交书面申请，书面申请应当包括申请豁免的理由以及申请豁免的范围等内容。国务院商务主管部门应当自受理申请之日起30日内作出是否批准的决定；情况紧急时应当及时作出决定。第九条 当事人遵守禁令范围内的外国法律与措施，侵害中国公民、法人或者其他组织合法权益的，中国公民、法人或者其他组织可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼，要求该当事人赔偿损失；但是，当事人依照本办法第八条规定获得豁免的除外。根据禁令范围内的外国法律作出的判决、裁定致使中国公民、法人或者其他组织遭受损失的，中国公民、法人或者其他组织可以依法向人民法院提起诉讼，要求在该判决、裁定中获益的当事人赔偿损失。本条第一款、第二款规定的当事人拒绝履行人民法院生效的判决、裁定的，中国公民、法人或者其他组织可以依法申请人民法院强制执行。第十条 工作机制成员单位应当依照各自职责，为中国公民、法人或者其他组织应对外国法律与措施不当域外适用提供指导和服务。第十一条 中国公民、法人或者其他组织根据禁令，未遵守有关外国法律与措施并因此受到重大损失的，政府有关部门可以根据具体情况给予必要的支持。第十二条 对外国法律与措施不当域外适用，中国政府可以根据实际情况和需要，采取必要的反制措施。第十三条 中国公民、法人或者其他组织未按照规定如实报告有关情况或者不遵守禁令的，国务院商务主管部门可以给予警告，责令限期改正，并可以根据情节轻重处以罚款。第十四条 国务院商务主管部门工作人员未按照规定为报告有关情况的中国公民、法人或者其他组织保密的，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。第十五条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定规定的外国法律与措施域外适用情形，不适用本办法。
Order of the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China
The Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures, approved by the State Council, are hereby promulgated and shall be effective as of the date of the promulgation.Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other MeasuresArticle 1 These Rules are formulated in accordance with the National Security Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant laws, for the purpose of counteracting the impact on China caused by unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations of China.Article 2 These Rules apply to situations where the extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, in violation of international law and the basic principles of international relations, unjustifiably prohibits or restricts the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China from engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third State (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other organizations.Article 3 The Chinese Government pursues an independent foreign policy, adheres to the basic principles of international relations, including mutual respect for sovereignty, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, and equality and mutual benefit, abides by the international treaties and agreements to which China is a party, and fulfills its international obligations.Article 4 The State shall establish a working mechanism composed of relevant central departments (hereinafter referred to as “the working mechanism”), to take charge of counteracting unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures. The working mechanism is led by the competent department of commerce of the State Council, and the specific matters thereof are handled by the competent department of commerce and the department of development and reform in conjunction with other relevant departments of the State Council.Article 5 Where a citizen, legal person or other organization of China is prohibited or restricted by foreign legislation and other measures from engaging in normal economic, trade and related activities with a third State (or region) or its citizens, legal persons or other organizations, he/it shall truthfully report such matters to the competent department of commerce of the State Council within 30 days. The matters reported shall be kept confidential by the competent department of commerce of the State Council and its staff members if so requested.Article 6 When assessing and determining whether there exists unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, the working mechanism shall take the following factors into overall account:(1) whether international law or the basic principles of international relations are violated;(2) potential impact on China’s national sovereignty, security and development interests;(3) potential impact on the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China;(4) other factors that shall be taken into account.Article 7 Where the working mechanism, upon assessment, confirms that there exists unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, it may decide that the competent department of commerce of the State Council shall issue a prohibition order to the effect that, the relevant foreign legislation and other measures are not accepted, executed, or observed (hereinafter referred to as “prohibition order”).The prohibition order may be suspended or withdrawn by decision of the working mechanism based on actual circumstances.Article 8 A citizen, legal person or other organization of China may apply to the competent department of commerce of the State Council for exemption from compliance with a prohibition order.To apply for exemption from compliance with the prohibition order, a written application shall be submitted to the competent department of commerce of the State Council, in which the reasons for the application for exemption and the scope of exemption shall be included. Decisions on whether to approve the application or not shall be made within 30 days from the date of acceptance of the application; decisions shall be made in a timely manner in case of emergency.Article 9 Where a person complies with the foreign legislation and other measures within the scope of a prohibition order, and thus infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen, legal person or other organization of China, the latter may, in accordance with law, institute legal proceedings in a people’s court, and claim for compensation by the person; except where the former person is granted exemption in accordance with Article 8 of these Rules.Where a judgment or ruling made in accordance with the foreign legislation within the scope of the prohibition order causes losses to a citizen, legal person or other organization of China, the latter may, in accordance with law, institute legal proceedings in a people’s court, and claim for compensation by the person who benefits from the said judgment or ruling.Where the person referred to in Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of this Article refuses to execute an effective judgment or ruling made by the people’s court, the citizen, legal person or other organization of China may apply to the people’s court for enforcement in accordance with law.Article 10 Members of the working mechanism shall, in accordance with their respective functions and duties, provide guidance and service for the citizens, legal persons or other organizations of China in response to unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures.Article 11 Where, in adherence to the prohibition order, a citizen, legal person or other organization of China suffers significant losses resulting from non-compliance with the relevant foreign legislation and other measures, relevant government departments may provide necessary support based on specific circumstances.Article 12 In response to unjustified extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures, the Chinese Government may take necessary counter-measures based on actual circumstances and needs.Article 13 Where a citizen, legal person or other organization of China fails to truthfully report as required or fails to comply with the prohibition order, the competent department of commerce of the State Council may give a warning, order he/it to rectify within a specified period of time, and may concurrently impose a fine according to the severity of the circumstances.Article 14 Where a staff member of the competent department of commerce of the State Council fails to keep confidentiality for the citizen, legal person or other organization of China who makes the report according to relevant provisions, the staff member shall be punished in accordance with law. Where a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated for in accordance with law.Article 15 These Rules shall not apply to such extra-territorial application of foreign legislation and other measures as provided for in treaties or international agreements to which China is a party.Article 16 These Rules shall be effective as of the date of promulgation.(All information published on this website is authentic in Chinese. English is provided for reference only.)![]()