加载中…美国新设纪念园弘扬历史传统，保护自然景观
(2013-03-28 13:37:02)
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分类： 社会与生活 |
2013.03.26
这张未注明日期的照片显示了新墨西哥州陶斯（Taos）附近的格兰德河峡谷大桥（Rio Grande Gorge Bridge），所在区域3月25日被欧巴马总统列为北格兰德河国家纪念园。
华盛顿——欧巴马总统根据《文物法》（Antiquities Act）授予他的权力，于3月25日签署新建五个美国国家纪念园（U.S. National Monument）的公告。《文物法》（Antiquities Act）要求维护美国丰富的历史和自然遗产。
根据白宫在同一天发布的新闻简报，这几处国家纪念园分别位于特拉华州（Delaware）、马里兰州（Maryland）、新墨西哥州（New Mexico）、俄亥俄州（Ohio）和华盛顿州（Washington），纪念美国历史上重要人物的经历和非同寻常的事件，同时保护独特的自然资源。
欧巴马总统指出：“这些纪念园可以弘扬为铸造我国辉煌做出贡献的英雄先驱、壮丽景观和丰富的历史。我们今天确认有关遗址为国家纪念园，可以保证这些纪念园继续鼓舞世世代代的美国人并受到他们的敬仰。”
美国国内资源部部长（Secretary of the Interior）肯·萨拉查（Ken Salazar）说：“从新墨西哥州北部和华盛顿州弥足珍贵的景观，到特拉华州的历史遗迹及彰显我国从南北战争（Civil War）到公民权利所走历程的遗址，这些纪念园记载了我国历史和自然美景丰富多彩的传统。”
这些纪念园是：
•俄亥俄州查尔斯·扬水牛兵团国家纪念园（Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument）。该纪念园将保留一位杰出的美国陆军军官（U.S. Army officer）的故居。这位军官是第三位毕业于西点军校（West Point）的美国非洲裔（African American），也是第一位获得上校军衔的美国非洲裔。扬还担任过两个国家公园早期的陆军警司（Army Superintendent）。
•特拉华州第一州国家纪念园（First State National Monument），由三处历史遗迹组成，纪念早期荷兰、瑞典、芬兰和英国定居者开拓特拉华殖民地的经历，以及特拉华州作为第一个批准《美国宪法》（U.S. Constitution）的州发挥的作用。
•马里兰州哈丽雅特·塔布曼地下铁道国家纪念园（Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument），纪念地下铁道（Underground Railroad）最著名的一位车长帮助奴隶摆脱束缚获得自由的事迹。
•新墨西哥州北格兰德河国家纪念园（Río Grande del Norte National Monument）。这片区域包括格兰德河峡谷（Río Grande Gorge）区和耸立于陶斯高原（Taos Plateau）上的死火山。该地因其壮丽的景观和休闲活动而闻名——例如漂流、钓鱼和远足——并且是鸟类和野生动物的重要栖息地。这里还有大量的岩画和从古风时期（Archaic Period）到后期拉美裔移民迁移时期的极为珍贵的考古和文化资源。
•华盛顿州的圣胡安群岛国家纪念园（San Juan Islands National Monument），由皮吉特湾区（Puget Sound）450个一连串的岛屿、岩礁和尖礁组成，是秃鹰、逆戟鲸、斑海豹和其他珍稀物种的家园，这里的化石可追溯到12,000年前。这个群岛使游客、野营者、皮划艇爱好者和观鸟者有机会体验未开发的崎岖景观的自然之美。
欧巴马总统此前依据《文物法》确立了四个国家纪念园：加利福尼亚州的塞萨尔·E·查韦斯国家纪念园（César E. Chávez National Monument），查韦斯的居所，也是美国农场工人联合会（United Farm Workers of America）自查韦斯在70年代初担任其主席以来的总部所在地；弗吉尼亚州的门罗堡国家纪念园（Fort Monroe National Monument），是与蓄奴历史、南北战争和美国军事历史密切有关的前陆军堡垒；加利福尼亚州的奥德堡国家纪念园（Fort Ord National Monument），前军事基地，世界一流的户外运动胜地；以及柱状岩（Chimney Rock），位于科罗拉多州（Colorado）西南部的圣胡安国家森林（San Juan National Forest），景观壮丽，体现了丰富的历史和美洲原住民文化。
西奥多·罗斯福（Theodore Roosevelt）总统于1906年首次援引《文物法》赋予的权力确立了怀俄明州（Wyoming）的魔鬼塔国家纪念园（Devils Tower National Monument）。自1906年以来，已经有16位总统行使这项权力保护美国独特的自然和历史风貌，如大峡谷（Grand Canyon）、自由女神像（Statue of Liberty）和科罗拉多州的古人峡谷（Canyons of the Ancients）。
有关纪念园的详情见白宫网站（英文）。
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/chinese/article/2013/03/20130326144835.html#ixzz2OoHwz28m
New U.S. Monuments Honor History, Preserve Environment
25 March 2013
This undated photo shows the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge, near Taos, New Mexico, within the area designated as Río Grande del Norte National Monument by President Obama March 25.
Washington — President Obama signed proclamations March 25 establishing five new U.S. national monuments, using his authority under the Antiquities Act, which celebrates American’s rich history and natural heritage.
Located in Delaware, Maryland, New Mexico, Ohio and Washington, the monuments help tell the story of significant people and extraordinary events in American history, as well as protect unique natural resources, the White House said in a news release the same day.
“These sites honor the pioneering heroes, spectacular landscapes and rich history that have shaped our extraordinary country,” Obama said. “By designating these national monuments today, we will ensure they will continue to inspire and be enjoyed by generations of Americans to come.”
“From the treasured landscapes of northern New Mexico and Washington, to the historic sites in Delaware, to the sites that show our nation’s path from Civil War to civil rights, these monuments help tell the rich and complex story of our nation’s history and natural beauty,” Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar said.
These are the monuments:
• Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument in Ohio, which will preserve the home of a distinguished U.S. Army officer who was the third African American to graduate from West Point and the first to achieve the rank of colonel. Young also served as an early Army superintendent of two national parks.
• First State National Monument in Delaware, comprising three historic areas that will tell the story of the early Dutch, Swedish, Finnish and English settlement of the colony of Delaware, as well as Delaware’s role as the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.
• Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument in Maryland, which commemorates the life of the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad, who was responsible for helping enslaved people escape from bondage to freedom.
• Río Grande del Norte National Monument in New Mexico, an area that contains stretches of the Río Grande Gorge and extinct volcanoes that rise from the Taos Plateau. The area is known for its spectacular landscapes and recreational opportunities — such as rafting, fishing and hiking — and serves as an important habitat for birds and wildlife. It is also home to a dense collection of petroglyphs and extraordinary archeological and cultural resources dating from the Archaic Period to the more recent passage of Hispanic settlers.
• San Juan Islands National Monument in Washington state, a chain of 450 islands, rocks and pinnacles located in Puget Sound that is home to bald eagles, orca whales, harbor seals and other rare species, as well as fossils dating back 12,000 years. The archipelago provides an opportunity for visitors, campers, kayakers and birdwatchers to experience the natural beauty of an undeveloped, rugged landscape.
President Obama has previously designated four monuments using the Antiquities Act: the César E. Chávez National Monument in California, Chávez’ home and the headquarters of the United Farm Workers of America since the early 1970s when Chávez was its president; Fort Monroe National Monument in Virginia, a former Army post integral to the history of slavery, the Civil War and the U.S. military; Fort Ord National Monument in California, a former military base that is a world-class destination for outdoor recreation; and Chimney Rock, which is located in the San Juan National Forest in southwestern Colorado and offers a spectacular landscape rich in history and Native American culture.
First exercised by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 to designate Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming, the authority of the Antiquities Act has been used by 16 presidents since 1906 to protect unique natural and historic features in America, such as the Grand Canyon, the Statue of Liberty and Colorado’s Canyons of the Ancients.
More information on the monuments can be found on the White House website.
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2013/03/20130325144786.html#ixzz2OoHy7L5f
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